Aeroplane.



B, BROGKS.

AEEOPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED 001'. 11, 1912. LGWXZE Patented. mv. 191%.

2 SHEETS-SHE Tl Witnesses B. BROOKS.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED 001211, 1912 1,078,71 3, Patented Nov. 18, 191-3 Witnesses .ventor Attorneys nniirnn PATENT @FFI'CE.

BRUTJS BROGKS, F MARTIN, TENNESbTflE.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters'Patent.

(application filed li ctoocr 11, 1912.

more prticulorly to means thereby the lateral balance of ainachine of this character may be maintained automatically A further object is to provide an seroplane utilizing extension wings in lieu of the usual ailerons, said wings heing designed to fold hacltwardly automatically while the machine is flight and thus to reduce the surface exposed to the action of the air and, consequently, permitting greater speed than would otherwise be possible.

Qi further object is to provide means whereby the vertical, rudder is connected with the hahincingdeviccs so to work in unison therewith.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combi nation and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described. and claimed, it, being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the in rcntion herein disclosed can be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the inventi ni In the accompanying drawings the 7p fcrrod form. of the invention has slhjiwn.

lo said drawings: FSgnre 1 w of the machine, a portion oi I being removed and one of the shin 1 Wings being shown hipped while the o is extended. Fig. 2 is an end View of on; of the extended balancing wings, Fig. 3 is an cul: rgrcd transverse section through two of the sections of :1 wing, said sections heing shown lapped or telescoped. together. Fig. 4 is ml enlarged transverse section through :1 portion of ti ."e-me and, showing portions of the connectmns between the haleueing wings end ru der.

lel.'crrin,s to the figures by characters of rctcrence 1 des the sustaining plane of the nmchine, th' Mime lacing located at the fr nt end of the skeleton body 2 of sold mehiin'e. The skeleton body can he of any desired coi'istruclion and, in the form illusbeen tinted, is made up of hoops or rings 3 connected by longitudinally extending strips 1 converging rearwal'dly. A vertical rudder 5 is pivotally connected to the rear portion of the frame and can be of any form desired. The front frame member 6 of the sustaining member 1 is provided, at each end, with a channeled strip 7 to the outer end of which a segment 8 is pivotally connected, the pivot being eccentricnlly disposed as shown at 9. The two segments have forwardly extending, arms 10 to which cables 11 or other flexible devices are secured, said flexible elements being connected to a spring 12 located in front of the center of the frame member 6. Fixcdly connected to the outer portion of each segment 10 is a rearwardly extending arm 13 having: upper and lower elongated wings 14. Additional arms 15 are pivotally connected to the segments 8, and each of these arms has upper and lower wings 16 similar to the wings 1 1, each pair of wings convergingtoward the arms 15 or 13 so that each section made up of an arm and two "wings substantially V-shnped in cross section. Additional arms 17 are pivotally connected to the channeled strips 7 and are provided with upper and lower wings 18 end 19. All of the arms are so arranged as to telescope one into the other and light springs 20 are interposed between and secured at their ends to the arms 13 and 15 V respectively while additional similar springs are ll'llOlPfiSOCl between and secured to the respective arms 15 and are likewise used for cmmccting the arms 17, the arms 15 and 17, and for connecting the innermost arms 17 to "he ends of the sustaining planel. All of 4 t lose springs are housed between the upper and lower wings 18 and 19.

lever 20 is fulcrumed Within the frame and connected to the upper end of this cover are oppositely (intending cables 21 or other llcxilllo devil-cs which are secured at their ends to the respective arms 1". Addilitmulfljzlllltis r other ilcxihle elements 22 uresccurcrl to lower end of lever 20' and extend in opposite directions therefrom :1 round guide sheaves 215 Md renrwiu'dly to the rudder 5,1-:iid connections lining attached to the rudder at oppositosidcs o'l its pivot 24.

it will he uppmfcnt that. under normal conditions the sections umdc up oi the arms 13, 13 and 17 and the wings thereon are normally oxtcmlcd as shown at the holitOm of Fig. 1, these sections being held apart by the springs 20. Furthermore spring 12 pulling on the connections 11, likewise serves to hold the sections normally extended. These sections remain extended under normal conditions while the machine is in flight lit, however, the machine should tilt laterally, as the result of excessive, pressure against one side of the machine, this excessive pressure will cause the extension at the elevated side oil the machine to collapse so as thus to reduce the area presented to the air and permit the machine to right itself automatically. As the air pressures upwardly upon the two sides of the machine become equalized, the collapsed balancing wing will gradually be extended until the parts are all restored. to their normal position. While he machine is in flight and moving at a high speed, the frictional engagement of the air with the wings 14 16, and 19 wil cause the arms 13. 15,and'1l to swing inwardly thus reducing the area of the sustaining surface and consequently reducing friction and increasing the speed of the machine.

\Vhen the machine is to be turned to the right or to the left the rudder is manipulated by means of the lever 20. 'W'hen, for

example, the machine is to be turned to the left, the rudder is shifted. to the position shown in Fig. 1 and this causes ne of the connections 21 to pull upon the arm 13 at the rightof the machine while the other connection 21 is paid out and becomes slack. Thus the balancing wing at the right side of the sustaining plane 1 is collapsed and the sustaining area at the right or elevated side of the center of the machine is thus reduced so that the machihe will not tilt to as great an angle while turning as would otherwise he the case. When the rudder 5 is extended straight backward, both of the connections 91 are taut and both of the halarming wings a re extended to a position such as shown at the bottom of Fig. 1.

As will be seen by referring to Fig. 52, the wings. when extended, preferably incline downwardly and rearwzndly so as to present a greater angle of incidence than the suslaininp, plane 1. frictional engagement of the air with the sections of the balancing wings and, consequently, said wings will. operate more ef- 'lcctii'cly under the action of the air and will be in uch more sensitive than would be the case should the angle of incidence of the extension wings be the same as that of the suslain-hug, plane. The springs 90 ser e to hold the balancing wings normally extended and with their sections spaced apart equallyfl It will be apparent that when either ofthe win s is coll-used the comicctions 11 l? serve to pull -upon the {Ipl'M Jed wing arud thus hold it more positively in exteutlcdphsition.

This results in a greater Importance is attached to the particular connection between the rudder. and the lever 20 and between said lever and the balancin; wings as this arrangement will cause one of the wings to fold when the rudder is shifted out of its normal position.

'What is claimed is 1. In an aeroplane the combination with a smstaining plane, of interfitting rearwardly attending sections pivotally mounted at their front ends and cooperating to form balancing wings, spring connections between the sections of each wing, and yielding means connecting, the wings for holding the wings normally spaced apart and extended to active positions.

:2. In an aeroplane the combination with sustaining plane, of balancing wings at the sides of the sustaining plane and each made up of a series of inter-fitting sections pivotally mounted at their front ends, spring means for holding the wings normally extended, and spring connections between the sections of the wings and completely housed by said sections.

3. In an aeroplane the combination with a sustaining plane, of balancing wings at the sides of the sustaining plane, each wing consisting of a group of interfitting rearwardly extending sections pivotally mounted at their front ends. a pivoted member, a second group of intcrfitting rearwardly extending sections pivotally connected at their front ends to said member, connections between all of the sections of the wings, and spring means for holding, the wings normally extended -:l. In an aeroplane the combination with a sustaining plane, of balancing wings conheeled to the sides thereof and made up of intortitting sections normally spread apart, said sections being mounted to nest together when subjected to excessive air resistance.

5. An aeroplane including a'sustaining plane, an extensible wing at each side thereof, said wing being made up of rearwardly extending sections pivotally mounted at their front ends, spacing devices housed between the sections and ada )ted to yield to permit the wings to nest' w on subjected to excessive air resistance. i

6. In an aeroplane the combination with a sustaining plane, of extensible wings at each side thereof, each wing including inter tilting sections and spring means interposed between the sections for holding them nor-. mally spread aoart, a spring forholding each wing normally extended beyond the sustaining plane, the spacing means between the sections being adapted to permit the wings to told when subjected to excessive air resistance.

7. In an aeroplane the combination with i a sustaining plane having" a front frame member extending beyond the sides thereof and a segment eccentirically connected to each end of the frame member, of interfitting sections pivotally connected to the frame member and to the segments respec- 5 tively, spacing springs interposed between the sections for holding them normally apart, said means being adapted to permit the sections to fold together when subjected .to excessive air resistance, and a spring for holding the frame normally extended out- 10 Wardly beyond the sustaining plane.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto aifixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

BRUTUS BROOKS.

VVitnessesi D. B. BAUMoN'r, G. E. Bowman. 

